Review of Pharmacological Activity of Ephedra Gerardiana

Ephedra gerardiana (E. gerardiana,), commonly known as "Ma-huang," is a medicinal plant native to the Himalayan region. Historically, it has long traditional use in various indigenous systems for purpose. The current review aims summarize present knowledge on botanical description, phytochemistry, uses, and pharmacological properties of E. gerardiana. This study was thoroughly based previous literature conducted by using electronic databases such PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar. Relevant studies recently published articles up till 2020 were included this review. small shrub-like characterized jointed stems, scale-like leaves, cylindrical cones. It belongs family Ephedraceae found arid semi-arid regions. Phytochemical analysis revealed presence bioactive compounds gerardiana, including ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, methyl ephedrine. These alkaloids are primarily responsible their activities. In medicine, been used its bronchodilatory, diaphoretic, diuretic, thermogenic properties. Additionally, employed treatment respiratory disorders, namely, asthma nasal congestion, stimulant. Its alkaloids, particularly have extensively studied potential therapeutic applications. However, caution should be exercised due side effects associated with ephedrine-containing products. Further research can explore mechanisms action, optimize dosage regimens, investigate drug interactions ensure safe effective clinical settings.